EP Parkinson's Disease Testing Kit
35 vials, including flat tray storage box - 10 x 50mm vial size

Parkinson’s Disease is a disorder of the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. This kit contains “Master Vials” that hold multiple signatures in a single vial

Kit Contents

1. Basal Ganglia
“The basal ganglia are a grouping of interconnected subcortical nuclei that mitigate and control functions ranging from voluntary movement, cognitive planning, emotions and reward functions, and even cognition and learning. The substantia nigra is classically considered to be the primary input into the basal ganglia circuitry and a critical element to these functions.

2. D1-family dopamine-receptive neurons
D1-family of neurons in the brain discussed here https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2969952/

3. D2-family dopamine-receptor neurons
D2-family of neurons in the brain discussed here https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2969952/

4. Dopamine (DA)
“Dopamine binds to dopamine receptors on neighboring dendrites to alter membrane currents. After it binds to dopamine receptors, the dopamine comes off, and can then bind to proteins (called transporters) on the releasing neuron to be taken back up into the terminal. Dopamine (DA), the most widely distributed in the nervous system and functionally important chemical signal, is synthesized in DA-ergic neurons from L-tyrosine by means of two enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC).” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536995/

5. Dopamine Transporter Protein (DAT)
The Dopamine Transporter Protein (DAT) is partially responsible for regulating dopamine levels through the reuptake of dopamine in neuronal cells. Dopamine is produced in the presynaptic neuron and released to the synaptic cleft, where it may bind to dopamine receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.

6. Dopaminergic Neurons SNA9
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8514911/

7. Dopaminergic Neurons VTA A10
The mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) cell system is composed of two major groups of projecting cells in the Substantia Nigra (SN) (A9 neurons) and the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) (A10 cells). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8514911/

8. Homeobox Gene Pitx3
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15300495/

9. Hypothalamus, Arcuate Nucleus
“Dopamine is also an important signaling molecule in the hypothalamus, where it inhibits prolactin release from the anterior pituitary. The main source of neuroendocrine dopamine is the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons, located in the dorsomedial hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (dmArc).”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0014488608003002

10. L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)
Dopamine(DA), the most widely distributed in the nervous system and functionally important chemical signal, is synthesized in DA-ergic neurons from L-tyrosine by means of two enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). Apart from the enzymes, specific DA transporter is an attribute of DA-ergic neurons. In the mid eighties of the last century, in addition to DA-ergic neurons, those expressing only one enzyme, TH or AADC, have been discovered. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18064905/

11. L-dopa / Levodopa
A drug created first created in the 1960s. It is a precursor of dopamine that passes through the blood–brain barrier. Read more: https://www.nature.com/articles/466S6a

12. L-tyrosine

13. Lactobacillus Plantarum PS128 
“Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) is a specific probiotic, known as a psychobiotic, which has been demonstrated to alleviate motor deficits…”

14. Master Vial: Pesticides & Herbicides – Household (PES)

15. Master Vial: Detox Liver Pathways (DET)

16. Master Vial: Household Toxic Inhalants (HOU)

17. Master Vial: LWP Industrial & Environmental 1

18. Master Vial: Human Cell Longevity (CLO)

19. Monoenzymatic Neurons
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18064905/

20. Neuron: Axon

21. Neuron: Axon Terminal 

22. Neuron: Axon Terminal Vesicles
“Neurotransmitters are stored in small sacs, or vesicles, in the axon terminal and they are released from the terminal following the arrival of an electrical impulse.  Dopamine neurons synthesize dopamine by a series of enzymatic reactions that takes place in the neuron terminal.

23. Neuron: Cell Body/Soma
Neurotransmitters are produced by neurons in substantia nigra

24. Neuron Dendrites

25. Neuron Dendrite Receptors

26. Neuron Nucleus

27. Neuron Synapse
https://sites.duke.edu/thepepproject/module-3-how-do-drugs-damage-neurons-its-radical/content-background-anatomy-of-the-dopamine-neuron/#

28. Nigrostriatal pathway
“Projections from the SN to the putamen, called the nigrostriatal pathway, are critically involved in the motor deficits observed in Parkinson disease. These dopaminergic neural projections leave the SN via the medial forebrain bundle and forming synapses on multiple neuronal populations throughout the basal ganglia, but especially in the putamen.”  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536995/

29. Putamen

30. Substantia nigra
“The substantia nigra (SN) is a midbrain dopaminergic nucleus which has a critical role in modulating motor movement and reward functions as part of the basal ganglia circuitry.” Nerve cells in the substantia nigra produce the neurotransmitter dopamine and are responsible for relaying messages that plan and control body movement.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536995/

31. Substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNpc)
“The substantia nigra can be functionally and morphologically divided into two regions, the pars compacta (SNpc) containing dopaminergic neurons and the pars reticulata (SNpr) with inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing (or GABAergic) neurons….”

“In gross anatomical dissections, the SNpc appears dark in color because of the high neuromelanin content which forms from the L-DOPA precursor in dopamine synthesis.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536995/

32. Substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNpr)

33. Transcription Factors Engrailed-1 and Engrailed-2
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00441-004-0973-8

34. Tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) Neuronal System
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529860/

35. Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH)